| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Health care access among Dalits in India ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Health care access among Dalits in India
The Dalit (formerly "Untouchable) community of India, and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, are subject to many disadvantages in health care access. As of 2008, there are 166.6 million Dalits in India.〔Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - India : Dalits, 2008. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49749d13c.html. Accessed on May 28, 2012.〕 Scheduled indigenous tribes and scheduled castes have been and continue to be the most socially disadvantaged groups in India that continue to be identified as needing affirmative action in terms of employment and education, for example, by the Indian government.〔National Family Health Survey 1998–99. Mumbai, India: International Institute of Population Sciences; 2000.〕
==Health care utilization==
Among individuals belonging to scheduled castes, health care utilization tend to be lower and mortality rates tend to be higher than among members of higher castes. According to a study on health care-seeking behavior and health care spending by young mothers in India, women from lower castes spent less on public sector practitioners than higher caste women. Additionally, lower caste women also spent less on private practitioners and self-medication than higher caste women and non-Hindu women, yet experienced more self-reported morbidities than women from higher castes.〔Bhatia, J. and Cleland, J. “Health-care seeking and expenditure by young Indian mothers in the public and private sectors.” Health Policy and Planning. 2001;16(1): 55-61.〕
In a study on utilization of antenatal care among women in southern India, women belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes were 30% less likely than women from higher castes to have received antenatal care in the state of Andhra Pradesh even when potential confounding factors, such as age, birth order, and education level, were held constant. Also, while controlling for other factors, women belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes in the state of Karnataka were about 40% less likely to have had antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy than women from higher castes. The study also found that women belonging to scheduled casts or scheduled tribes were less likely to give birth at hospitals and to be assisted by a health professional during delivery than women from higher castes.〔Navaneetham, K. and Dharmalingam, A. “Utilization of maternal health care services in Southern India.” Social Science & Medicine. 2002;55: 1849-1869.〕
In terms of mortality, it has also been found that lower caste members face higher mortality rates during the earliest and latest part of life, especially among children and adolescents (i.e., 6 to 18 years of age) and the elderly.〔Subramanian, S.V., Smith, G.D., and Subramanyam, M. “Indigenous health and socioeconomic status in India.” PLoS Medicine. 2006;3(10): 1794-1804.〕 In terms of health expenditure, the burden of health care spending is greatest among those living in rural and economically poor areas, with members of scheduled tribes and scheduled castes being the most affected by health care spending.〔Balarajan, Y., Selvaraj, S., and Subramanian, S.V. “Health care and equity in India.” Lancet. 2011;377: 505-515.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Health care access among Dalits in India」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|